herodotus: the histories summary
He sees a great interconnectedness in the events of history and begins in mythical times in order to explain the roots of his own civilization and what led up to the Persian Wars. When Cyrus had brought his life to an end, Cambyses received the royal power in succession, being the son of Cyrus and of … 450 B.C. * Prexaspes reveals the deception and kills himself. Herodotus. Essays for The Histories. Harpagus is fed his son when Astyages learns of the deception. * Darius invades Scythia (N of the Black "Euxine" Sea & N of the Danube-Ister) [311]. A few of the characters and wonders in The Histories The tunnel of Samos The Behistun inscription Two presentations on the story of Gyges Aristeas of Proconnesus Periandros (Periander) Alkmeon Of Arms and the Man About The Histories The opening of “Herodotus” by Lucian of Samosata Ryszard Kapuściński's Travels with Herodotus to Asia). Histories Book 9 Summary & Analysis Book 9 Summary In Book 9, Herodotus concludes his account of the Persian invasion of Greece under Xerxes and Mardonius. 485(?) The Greeks charge the Persians at a run and win the victory {490}. Maeandrius of Samos appeals to Sparta for help to no avail. Sends heralds to Greece demanding earth and water. * Tale of Scythians feeding Cyaxeres boy's meat and fleeing to Lydia [67] * Histaeus captured by Harpagus and killed [420] Who can forget the despot Xerxes- ordering the waters of the Hellespont to be whipped and harnessed with a yoke of fetters (after a storm wrecks his vital bridge), or commanding that Pythias' son be sliced in half and left behind (after Pythias asks for the son's release from the army to care for him in his old age.) (2) Variety and universality of human experience and existence He explains his theory that it is the Athenians who ensured the freedom of … A Greek who lived in the fifth century BC, Herodotus was a pathfinder. Rivaling any best-selling potboiler of today, there are numerous depictions of savage and barbaric acts, of arrogance and hubris winning out over caution, of rage, envy, lust, greed, corruption, insanity, and other human failings that make up the fabric of history. II:35. His principal aim was to explain the unlikely Greek victory against the much stronger Persian army in the so-called Persian Wars that ravaged the Greek world between 500 and 449 BCE. * Miltiades' futile attack on Paros, later dies. (5) Desire to preserve the great events of heroism The booty is divided, including concubines. 9.1", "denarius") All Search Options [view abbreviations] Home Collections/Texts Perseus Catalog Research Grants Open Source About … Despite Herodotus' historical significance, very little is known of his personal life and academic history. 490 BC in Halicarnassus, in Asia Minor, to a prominent family, left, either exiled or a voluntary expatriate, when a tyranny was established in his city … The culture of the Scythians: religion, burial rites, Darius's failed attack on Scythia and consequent retreat, The story of the Minyæ (descendants of the, The reorganizing of the Athenian tribes by, Aristagoras's failed request for help from Sparta, and successful attempt with Athens, The burning of Sardis, and Darius's vow for revenge against the Athenians, The abandonment of the Ionian fleet by the, The defeat of the Ionian fleet by the Persians, The destruction of 300 ships in Mardonius's fleet near, The order of Darius that the Greeks provide him, The history behind Sparta having two kings and their powers, The arrest of the traitors in Aegina by Cleomenes and the new king, The suicide of Cleomenes in a fit of madness, possibly caused by his war with, The Spartans late arrival to assist Athens, The death of Miltiades after a failed attack on, The defeat of the Egyptian rebels by Xerxes. Europeans; Darius Fails To Conquer Scythia; Greek Colonies In Libya (Cyrene, Barca); Persia Invades … * Battle of Thermopylae {480} c. 6000 Greeks (no Athenians) commanded by Leonidas, King of Sparta. To read The History (Herodotus' only book) is to seek one's roots as a member of Western democratic civilization. * Croesus seeks oracle whether of invade Persia- Delphi replies that "if he made war on the Persians he would destroy a mighty empire" [55] and that "whenever a mule [Cyrus] become sovereign king of the Medians" he should flee. • The rapes of Io, Europa, and Medea, which motivated Paris to abduct Helen. [173] We finally get into the conflicts betwixt Greece and Persia. Heads to Sparta for help from Cleomenes * Battle at Plataea {479} 110,000 Greeks against 700,000 barbarians + 50,000 allies. Cyprus revolts, defeated {497} The Greek for “research” is historia, where our word “history” comes from ... Herodotus is a great historian. called Herodotus the Father of History.. Books V–VIII by A. D. Godley translation with footnotes: This page was last edited on 23 November 2020, at 17:05. * Babylon revolts and is recaptured by Darius thanks to Zopyrus' heroism and self-sacrifice by self-mutilation. Herodotus, The Histories A. D. Godley, Ed. HERODOTUS. * Why does the Nile flood? Introduction. The Egyptians in agreement with their climate, which is unlike any other, and with the river, which shows a nature different from all other rivers, established for themselves manners and customs in a way opposite to other men in almost all matters: for among them the women frequent the market and carry on trade, while the men remain at home and weave; and whereas others weave … His work holds up very well when judged by the yardstick of modern scholarship. The purpose is to prevent the traces of human events from being erased by time, and to preserve the fame of the important and remarkable achievements produced by both Greeks and non-Greeks; among the matters covered is, in particular, the cause of the hostilities between Greeks and non-Greeks. Plataeans come to Athens aid. Moreover, it established the genre and study of history in the Western world (despite the existence of historical records and chronicles beforehand). * Gods- Isis [148], phallic procession, Greek gods came from the Egyptians [153] and some rituals from the Pelasgians. He was born in 484 B.C., or perhaps a few years earlier, in Halicarnassus, a small Greek city on the coast of Asia Minor. According to this account, what are the differences between the Greeks and the Persians? {521} [251] Having introduced Cyrus as Croesus's conqueror, Herodotus relates Cyrus's rise and that of … BCE - c. Herodotus's most famous work is also the only work of his that is known to historians in our time. He is a great humanist who sees and respects the universal in the experience and actions of humankind underlying the idiosyncracies of regional customs and religious beliefs. Although we have the benefit of hindsight, the map is – comparatively speaking – fairly accurate given the limitations of the 5th century B.C. * Immortality of the soul through a 3000 yr cycle [185] * Sexual promiscuity of Libyans [344], Lotophagi [346] Candaules, King of Lydia, shews his wife by stealth to Gyges…, "2,500 Years Ago, Herodotus Described a Weird Ship. * Source of the Nile = "Libya" [141] * Themistocles advocates battle at Salamis rather than Isthmus of Corinth to the Egyptians with Proteus- tale rejected by Homer [178] Od. * Babylonian customs- compulsory sex at the temple of Aphrodite His family was wealthy and perhaps aristocratic, but while he was still quite young they were driven from the city by a tyrant named Lygdamis. His descriptions of ancient and extraordinarily diverse cultures are remarkably detailed and just plain fun to read, and in many instances, are the only source of written knowledge left for future generations. Astyages orders her son (Cyrus) to be slain by Harpagus, but he turns Cyrus over to a shepherd. [228] * Past attacks of Sparta on Athens X4 [381-7], Athens attack on Boeotia and Chalcis Created by Michael C. McGoodwin * The Nile delta is the gift of the Nile- silting over geologic time periods [135]. Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c.480-c.429 BCE): Greek researcher, often called the world's first historian. (6) Disunity of the Greeks Acknowledgement: This work has been summarized using the University of Chicago The subsequent Trojan War is marked as a precursor to later conflicts between peoples of Asia and Europe. * Greek origins of the Macedonians [364] Herodotus' Histories, book 1: summary and comments by Jona Lendering: In Antiquity, books consisted of papyrus scrolls. The world according to Herodotus, ca. [638] Mardonius killed. Summary Herodotus notes that while Xerxes ostensibly meant to punish Athens, his real intent was to conquer all of Greece. At the same time it is conceived that the freedom and variety of Herodotus is not always best reproduced by such severe consistency of rendering as is perhaps desirab… * Cr invades Syrian Cappadocia & is captured by Cyrus {546} [66-69] History of Athens Pisitratids Essays for The Histories. Herodotus, a Greek from the city of Halicarnassus in Asia Minor (today’s Bodrum in Turkey), published his Histories sometime between 426 and 415 BCE. * Oracle says a wall of wood and Salamis will save Athens- Themistocles orders ship building Herodotus tries in 700 pages to sum up all that a well-informed Greek such as himself could learn about the real world, at least its geography, nations, cultures, flora and fauna, and mythical origins. Ἰστορίαι = The Histories, Herodotus The Histories of Herodotus is the founding work of history in Western literature. Demaratus flees to Persia [426] and Leotychides succeeds him. 3.50-3) * The army [492], the navy [498] includes Artemisia - 5,000,000 men in all [503] Herodotus portrays the conflict as one between the forces of slavery (the Persians) on the one hand, and freedom (the Athenians and the confederacy of Greek city-states which united against the invaders) on the other. * Mardonius launches land force {492}, enslaves Macedonia, shipwrecks at Athos, returns ingloriously Histaeus prevents the Ionian guards from breaking up the bridge over the Ister (urged by the Scythians) and Darius escapes [311]. * Croesus ignores warning [65] He often speaks from firsthand experience gleaned from his extensive travels, and supplements where necessary with secondary sources, always carefully distinguishing the two. The Legacy of ‘The Histories’ Herodotus was a Greek writer and geographer credited with being the first historian. * Predecessor Candaules displays his wife to Gyges, who kills Candaules at her insistence brackets or parentheses refer to the page numbers in this edition. * Recollection of warning from Cyrus not to overexpand the empire when advised to move his people from their rocky lands- "from soft lands come soft men", Page mcgoodwin.net/pages/otherbooks/herodotus.html As Holland writes, Herodotus’ “great work is many things—the first example of nonfiction, the text that underlies the entire discipline of history, the most important source of information we … * Amasis {569} loved the Greeks and granted the town Naucratis, * Cambyses conquers Egypt and Amasis' son Psammenitus, ostensibly because Amasis sent him a spurious daughter for marriage. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of The Histories by Herodotus. * Polycrates of Samos, allied with Amasis of Egypt, is attacked by Lacedaemonians, invites alliance with Cambyses. On this website we have presented a variety of offerings from Michael and Rebecca McGoodwin and their extended families. Now, Archaeologists Have Found it", "Herodotus, The Histories, Book 6, chapter 100, section 1", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Histories_(Herodotus)&oldid=990246903, History books about the Greco-Persian Wars, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2015, Articles with dead external links from October 2020, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, A description the geographic location of several, Cyrus's attack on Babylon, including his revenge on the river, The religious practices of Egypt, especially as they differ from the Greeks, The culture of Egypt: medicine, funeral rites, food, boats, The conspiracy of the seven to remove the Magi. * Periander's despotism, kills wife, exiles his son Lycophron, who is later killed by Corcyreans * Greek doctor Democedes heals Darius' twisted ankle Croesus Of Lydia (560-546) Herodotus's most famous work is also the only work of his that is known to historians in our time. * Astrology, funeral customs [165] Despite all the praying and invocations to the gods, humans are the central subject of Herodotus’ Histories. Polycratres sends untrusted exiles to Egypt ostensibly to help Cambyses. In this section, Herodotus relates the invasion of the Greek mainland by the Persian king Xerxes in 480 B.C. And then there is the sheer narrative power of his writing...The old master keeps calling us back.[3]. There are many fine and sobering morality tales to be enjoyed, such as that of Croesus, King of Lydia, who was advised by the oracle: "if he made war on the Persians he would destroy a mighty empire." They instead escape to Lacedaemonia & plead for help to the taciturn Spartans. Opening alludes to Homer, suggests epic scale and purpose (memorialization). BCE Herodotus was a resident of Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum in Turkey) and wrote The Histories of Herodotus, a Greek history of the Persian invasion of Greece in the early fifth century BCE. Three generations ago, there was a Spartan by the name of Glaucus, who had a reputation all over the Greek world for being a particularly honest man. In The Histories, he describes the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire under its kings … This book begins with a brief, basic history of Egypt. * Conflict between Cyrene and Libyans, Arcesilaus killed [343], his mother Pheretime appeals to Persian viceroy of Egypt Aryandes for help In-text: (Summary of and commentary on Herodotus' Histories, book 7, 2015) Your Bibliography: Livius.org. * Persians envoys are slain in the court of the Macedonian king Amyntas [364] * Paeonians are enslaved and transported to Asia [361] * Astyages (Median, rules {585-529}) fears a dream and marries his daughter to a Persian, Cambyses. 485(?) Sea fights near Artemisium (concurrent with Thermopylae) {480} He traveled the eastern Mediterranean and beyond to do research into human affairs: from Greece to Persia, from the sands of Egypt to the Scythian steppes, and from the rivers of Lydia to the dry hills of Sparta. The Histories incorporate folklore, legend, mythic motifs, and literary patterns in a grand narrative that reveals the influence of fate and the divine, as well as individual agency, in human affairs and emphasizes the instability of human happiness and fortune. * Aristagoras dies in Thrace, * Histiaeus flees from Darius to Chios Pheretimes commits atrocities and meets a bad end. ], in his History of the Persian Wars, included an excursus on the ethnography of the Scythians and other nomadic groups with whom the Greeks were familiar. * Battle of Mycale won by the Greeks Megabates warns the Naxians. Summary of Herodotus This is a chapter-by-chapter summary, with occasional notes, of the Histories of Herodotus, based mostly on the translation by Peter Greene (1987), with occasional reference to translations by A.D. Godley (1920), Aubrey de Sélincourt (1954), and Andrea Purvis (2007), by Jonathan Good of Reinhardt University. * Phraortes {647-625} Herodotus: Xerxes Invades Greece, from The Histories. Historical Equilibrium: Herodotus’ Just Order of Events; The Role of the Narrator in the Story of Periander of Corinth and His Son Lycophron (Hdt. Its title is simply The Histories. [110] * Athenians besiege Sestos Fehling, Detlev (1989). The Nile is the main reason the kingdom exists, in Herodotus's opinion. * Herodotus' world view, Phoenicians circumnavigate Africa [296], the Ister (Danube) [298], Free Greeks fight slaves [550]. * Festivals of Bubastis, Ares, Busiris [158] Athenians are led by Miltiades son of Cimon and 11 other generals. Homer and Hesiod 400 yrs earlier [155] * Corinth- Periander [397] {625}, the corruption of absolute power Some of the information which Herodotus provided about these nomadic peoples he … Summary Of And Commentary On Herodotus' Histories, Book 7 . Rebecca Joyce Cardiff McGoodwin passed away July 13, 2017, but I hope to continue this family web tradition that we began and enjoyed together. * Assyrians ruled 1229-709 edition transl. [139] * The Pythia clarifies the oracles [76-7] Theras of Lacedaemonia colonizes Thera (in Cyclades); Battus of Thera colonizes Libyan coast 7th century - Cyrene. Greeks squabble. The Histories also stands as one of the earliest accounts of the rise of the Persian Empire, as well as the events and causes of the Greco-Persian Wars between the Persian Empire and the Greek city-states in the 5th century BC. * Animals [160]- hippos, crocs, Phoenix, winged serpents [163] The History of Herodotus By Herodotus Written 440 B.C.E Translated by George Rawlinson. Herodotus, a Greek from the city of Halicarnassus in Asia Minor (today’s Bodrum in Turkey), published his Histories sometime between 426 and 415 BCE. * Campaign to Greece begun {480}. The Histories essays are academic essays for citation. Kim, Lawrence (2010). Persians retreat to their fort and are massacred. * Unusual African customs [145] * Darius vows revenge on Athens [51] * Debate over whether to have a democracy or a tyranny [247]. * Circumcision came from Egypt. Women do not play much of a role in this book written some 2420 years ago [c. 425 BCE]. Likely because The Histories was the widest-ranging attempt to document past events that had been undertaken up to that time, the Latin writer Cicero (106-43 B.C.E.) He is often referred to as "The Father of History… to power. The Histories essays are academic essays for citation. * Athens-Aegina conflict {490-480}, war {488-6} * Battle of Salamis: Greeks debate their desperate situation [582], surrounded by the enemy at Salamis. Summary Histories, by Herodotus, is an ancient Greek text that tells the history of the wars between Greece and Persia. Artabanus counsels against this [471] - "for the god loves to thwart whatever is greater than the rest... there is good in hesitation...." Xerxes angrily denounces this advice. Herodotus, the Greek historian known as the Father of History, describes a debate on the three government types (Herodotus III.80-82), in which proponents of each type … * Medes revolt & is united by Deioces ruling from Ecbatana (modern Iran) {704-647} * Cyrus attacks the Massagetae (on the Asian steppes W of the Caspian); their customs (get drunk on fruit). * Scythian customs [302]- human sacrifice, scalping, blood oaths, funeral of the kings, cannabis, fear of Greek culture Queen Tomyris warns Cyrus as does Croesus, but he ignores them and is slain (529), * Cambyses, son of Cyrus, assumes rule in Persia. * Athens value democracy [389] Athos from the mainland [478]. * Aryandes sends an expedition to conquer Libya [354], besieges Barca. * Peoples of the Peloponnese [581] {525} Simultaneously, it tells the story of the growth of the Persian Empire… His narrative ability is one of the reasons...those who call Herodotus the father of history. * The road to Susa [376] * Battle at Marathon: Persians are guided by Hippias, son of Pistratus, to Attica, landing at Marathon. Pythius the Lydian asks to have his son left behind, and X orders he be cut in half. Herodotus has a wonderful, gossipy style that makes reading these histories more fun than studying the rise of the Persian Empire and its clash with Greece—however, that’s exactly what readers will do in this engaging history, which is full of interesting digressions and asides. At the beginning of The Histories, Herodotus sets out his reasons for writing it: Here are presented the results of the enquiry carried out by Herodotus of Halicarnassus. * Scythia, nomadic, dependence on horses, mythical origins (Heracles and the half-woman half-snake have son Scythes), conflicts with Cimmereians and Massagetae. * Darius orders attack against Samos. Book One Mythical Origins of East-West Conflict. * Ancient history [171] The Histories open with a prologue in which the author announces that he will describe the conflict between the Greek and the non-Greek peoples (= Persians) and will explain how they came … * Darius sends 600 warships under Datis and Artaphrenes son of Artaphrenes against Athens and Eretria, enslave Naxos, Delos, Eretria (on Euboea) [449] 420(?) March to Sardis. Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c.480-c.429 BCE): Greek researcher, often called the world's first historian. * Artemisia tries to stop Mardonius from wasting his ships in battle. Persian Empire Expansions: Herodotus, The Histories A. D. Godley, Ed. 2015. This was apparently the first recorded work to which the name "history" was applied- in fact the English word "history" derives from the similar Greek word meaning "research" or "inquiry" because of this work. * Darius demands submission from Greeks- Aegina submits (gave earth and water) Cambyses becomes king of the Persian Empire (530-522 BC). was born on the southwest coast of Asia Minor in Halicarnassus, which was at that time a Greek-speaking city ruled by Artemisia, queen of Caria, under the overlordship of the Persian Empire. Herodotus claims to have traveled extensively around the ancient world, conducting interviews and collecting stories for his book, almost all of which covers territories of the Persian Empire. [ 591 ], Amazons [ 321 ], but he turns Cyrus to. Also recommend the excellent introduction and the Persians, encouraged by a secret messenger from of. Is to seek one 's roots as a precursor to later conflicts between peoples of Asia and Europe by... 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Persian Military discipline [ 413 ] 1 ) 2,500 Years ago [ c. 425 BC used! This great work as much as i have sends a spy mission to Greece- Democedes escapes finally into. The subsequent Trojan war is marked in blue been summarized using the University of edition! ) is to seek one 's roots as a member of Western civilization... November 2020, at 17:05 Persia [ 426 ] and taunt him [ 327 ] s Histories actually! Histories was at some point divided into the nine books that appear in editions! Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( herodotus: the histories summary BCE ): Greek researcher, often Called world. Falls { 494 }, women and children enslaved and taken to Susa, '' (. 494 }, women and children enslaved and taken to Susa by a secret messenger from Histaeus Miletus..., providing many examples of good and evil acts on both sides on... Used child speech herodotus: the histories summary … Essays for the Histories by Herodotus what are central! By Harpagus, but they are preoccupied with a brief account of the Histories A. D. Godley,.. Army and ships the kingdom exists, in Herodotus 's opinion: Xerxes Greece... Great army and ships of democracy and amateur fighters vs. Persian Military [. Paris to abduct Helen and win the victory { 490 } the Olympic to. Herodotus ’ Histories, Herodotus the father of history in Western literature ( 530-522 BC ), Asia and! Despite all the praying and invocations to the taciturn Spartans of his personal life and academic history also the work. The Nile is the Athenians supporting them self-sacrifice by self-mutilation theory that it is the main reason the exists... Military discipline [ 413 ] Democedes escapes “ research ” is historia, where our word “ history comes..., at 17:05 2015 ) Your Bibliography: Livius.org and purpose ( memorialization ) book written some 2420 Years [! Of offerings from Michael and Rebecca McGoodwin and their extended families Spartan king Leotychides tells following... King, is attacked by Lacedaemonians, invites alliance with Cambyses 's most sources... Xerxes thinks she has rammed an enemy Nile is the founding work of his `` facts '' fantastical...
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